Everything about Lotharingia totally explained
Lotharingia or
Lorraine was a short-lived kingdom in
western Europe, the aggregate of territories belonging to
Lothair, King of Lotharingia (reigned
855–
869), who received it in
855 from his father,
Lothair I (
795-
855),
Holy Roman Emperor. The name derives from the
Latin "Lotharii Regnum", the Lothair's realm.
The territory was the northern section of the
Middle Francia, which appeared as the result of the division of
Carolingian lands that had been effected at the
Treaty of Verdun,
843. After Lothair's death his lands were further divided between the
Kingdom of the East Franks and the
Kingdom of the West Franks, in the
Treaty of Mersen,
870.
Strictly speaking, there were no
Lotharingians as a unified ethnic group. Broadly speaking, Lotharingia comprised the present-day:
The name
Lotharingia (Dutch:
Lotharingen, German:
Lotharingien, French:
Lotharingie) survives today in the French name derived from it:
Lorraine.
Lotharingia itself didn't survive its king; it dissolved in violence and local warfare.
Henry the Fowler gained control over the divided lands, and brought them back as a duchy under the German crown. His son and heir
Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor granted Lotharingia to his brother,
Bruno I, Archbishop of Cologne. In 959 Bruno effected the long-lasting split of the territory under two dukes, as the duchies of Upper and Lower Lorraine.
Upper Lotharingia became the
duchy of Lorraine, the nucleus of which survived until 1766. Lorraine was the object of territorial disputes between France and Germany for a thousand years.
The Duchy of Lower Lorraine lost its authority entirely in 1190 (the Diet of
Hall), due to the territorialisation of the 11th and 12th century. The duchy fragmented into separate duchies (Brabant, Limburg, Gelre), bishoprics, counties and imperial fiefs. The Duke of
Brabant traditionally retained the honorific title of Duke of Lower Lotharingia, also known as
Lothier.
Further Information
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